Sobre el duelo migratorio y la interculturalidad

Publicada el por Teresa Escobar Ruiz

He tenido una maravillosa conversación con Nancy Bravo, experta en Interculturalidad, donde hemos hablado de nuestra condición de mujeres migrantes. La organización que ella lidera busca reducir las barreras de entendimiento entre grupos, individuos o personas a través de la sensibilización intercultural. Se centra en crear conciencia sobre las diferencias culturales y verlas como una herramienta de trabajo e interacción positiva.

Es un valioso aporte contar con un entrenamiento intercultural como éste, porque enfoca el éxito en tres pilares claves: 

• Cognitivo: conocimiento intercultural (conocimientos, saber, comprensión)

• Emocional: sensibilidad intercultural (actitudes, sentimientos, valores)

• Conductual: competencia de negociación intercultural (habilidades, aptitudes, conducta)

Hemos abordado el tema del duelo migratorio, desde nuestra perspectiva vivencial. Existe un colectivo de mujeres, altamente cualificadas, que aún no encuentran su sitio en la comunidad que las acoge. Muchas veces está claro el proyecto de vida de cada una, sus objetivos, sus metas, sus deseos e ilusiones. Sin embargo el despegue no sucede. ¿Por qué pasa esto? ¿Qué factores están influyendo para que no avancemos?

Existe un colectivo de mujeres, altamente cualificadas, que aún no encuentran su sitio en la comunidad que las acoge.

Cuando una persona decide emigrar, su maleta está llena de dudas, incertidumbre, propósitos y metas. Pero también de un gran coraje para afrontar obstáculos que de antemano sabe que es muy posible que se le presenten. Por un lado están sus capacidades, habilidades y cualidades personales que le impulsan y por otro está una sociedad afianzada en unos valores y con una realidad cultural, social, económica y política que determina el nivel de integración que un migrante puede lograr.

En éste sentido, poco podemos cambiar esa realidad, es un trabajo de fondo que lleva mucho tiempo y mucha voluntad por las dos partes.

Sí podemos intervenir de manera consciente y determinante en nuestra propia situación. Cambiar de país implica dejar una parte de nosotros allí. Hacemos malabares con los recuerdos, los seres queridos, el paisaje, la comida, nuestra infancia y todo lo que nos ha marcado en la vida. Procuramos sostenerlo de la mejor manera posible. Estamos viviendo un duelo: el Duelo Migratorio.

Detrás de la salida al mundo en nuestro nuevo hogar hay una serie de emociones y sentimientos que nos invitan a parar, a detenernos y mirar hacia dentro. ¿Qué estamos sintiendo? ¿Dónde lo sentimos? ¿Cómo nos está afectando a nuestro día a día?

El día a día muchas veces no nos permite aquietarnos y considerar la importancia de nuestro estado emocional. Lo vamos tapando y no encontramos respuestas a un malestar que no hemos puesto nombre. Cuando el duelo pregunta, hay que responderle. El conocimiento de las herramientas que la interculturalidad desarrolla nos facilita el camino de un duelo sano y un proceso de integración exitoso. Tengamos en cuenta que no todo son pérdidas en un duelo.

También hemos abordado el duelo en los niños que viven éste gran cambio en sus vidas. Es cierto que ellos tienen una mayor capacidad para adaptarse que los adultos, y lo hacen en menor tiempo. Pero esto también depende de la edad y la madurez del niño, así como de la relación que haya podido tener con sus familiares y amigos de su país de origen. Todo cambio en ese sentido produce un duelo, una ruptura que hay que tener en cuenta. Prestar atención a sus palabras, a sus emociones, estados de ánimo, necesidades que manifiesta y sobre todo hablarle con la verdad por delante sobre sus sentimientos.

Cuando un niño está experimentando un duelo migratorio está más necesitado que nunca de acompañamiento y consuelo, tanto en su ámbito familiar como en el educativo y e el comunitario. 

Los niños absorben todo lo que ven, incluso cuando pensamos que podemos ocultarles preocupaciones o incertidumbres ellos las captan. Las conversaciones de adultos sobre algunos temas deben ser privadas, es algo que parece obvio, pero no siempre lo hacemos. Cuando un niño está experimentando un duelo migratorio está más necesitado que nunca de acompañamiento y consuelo, tanto en su ámbito familiar como en el educativo y en el comunitario. 

Hacer un duelo migratorio sano tiene una relación directa con nuestra habilidad para adaptarnos, pero también con el nivel de integración que nos permite una comunidad. Es un trabajo bidireccional, donde el beneficio es mutuo.

Somos humanos antes que nada, nunca abandonemos esa condición. Ahondemos en ella para construir el hogar que todos anhelamos para nosotros y las futuras generaciones.

Teresa Escobar Ruiz

Directora de la Escuela de Formación Integral

Maestra Esp. en Pedagogía de la muerte

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    Hermoso artículo….yo no me do a otro país pero sí tuve muchas movimientos dentro de la provincia de buenos aires siendo chica, y dentro de la misma cultura pero tan necesario es el apoyo en niñ@s y contención por éstos cambios, siempre fuí bien recibida y contenida.Ello me a,ayudado muchísimo.Gracas Tere💗

  2. Susana dice:

    Hermoso artículo….yo no me do a otro país pero sí tuve muchas movimientos dentro de la provincia de buenos aires siendo chica, y dentro de la misma cultura pero tan necesario es el apoyo en niñ@s y contención por éstos cambios, siempre fuí bien recibida y contenida.Ello me a,ayudado muchísimo.Gracas Tere💗

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